{ "article": { "LEGIARTI000029363479": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "21", "TYPE": "ENTIEREMENT_MODIF", "DATE_FIN": "2999-01-01", "DATE_DEBUT": "2999-01-01" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/29/36/34/LEGIARTI000029363479.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370784", "@num": "131-8", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 131-8 (VD)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370777", "@num": "132-54", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-54 (VD)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370770", "@num": "132-57", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-57 (VD)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" } ] }, "CONTEXTE": { "TEXTE": { "TM": { "TM": { "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000029363378", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Chapitre IV : Dispositions instituant la contrainte pénale", "@debut": "2014-10-01" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000029363387", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Titre Ier : DISPOSITIONS VISANT À ASSURER LE PRONONCÉ DE PEINES EFFICACES ET ADAPTÉES", "@debut": "2014-10-01" } ] }, "@cid": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "@nor": "JUSX1322682L", "@num": "2014-896", "@nature": "LOI", "TITRE_TXT": [ { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "LOI n° 2014-896 du 15 août 2014 relative à l'individualisation des peines et renforçant l'efficacité des sanctions pénales (1)", "@debut": "2999-01-01", "@id_txt": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "@c_titre_court": "LOI n° 2014-896 du 15 août 2014" }, { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "LOI n° 2014-896 du 15 août 2014 relative à l'individualisation des peines et renforçant l'efficacité des sanctions pénales (1)", "@debut": "2014-10-01", "@id_txt": "LEGITEXT000029363374", "@c_titre_court": "LOI n°2014-896 du 15 août 2014" } ], "@date_publi": "2014-08-17", "@date_signature": "2014-08-15" } }, "VERSIONS": { "VERSION": [ { "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "@num": "21", "@debut": "2999-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "JORFARTI000029362591", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "@num": "21", "@debut": "2999-01-01", "@origine": "JORF" } } ] }, "BLOC_TEXTUEL": { "CONTENU": "
A modifié les dispositions suivantes :

- Code pénal
\n Art. 131-8, Art. 132-54, Art. 132-57\n
\n

\n
" } }, "LEGIARTI000029370770": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "132-57", "ETAT": "ABROGE", "TYPE": "AUTONOME", "DATE_FIN": "2020-03-24", "DATE_DEBUT": "2014-10-01" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000029370770", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/29/37/07/LEGIARTI000029370770.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038313100", "@num": "20-5", "#text": "Ordonnance n° 45-174 du 2 février 1945 - art. 20-5 (VT)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000517521", "@numtexte": "45-174", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "ORDONNANCE", "@datesignatexte": "1945-02-02" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006492647", "@num": "7", "#text": "Loi n°95-884 du 3 août 1995 - art. 7 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000371690", "@nortexte": "JUSX9500089L", "@numtexte": "95-884", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "1995-08-03" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006493617", "@num": "6", "#text": "Loi n°2002-1062 du 6 août 2002 - art. 6 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000779239", "@nortexte": "JUSX0200109L", "@numtexte": "2002-1062", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2002-08-06" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "@num": "21", "#text": "LOI n°2014-896 du 15 août 2014 - art. 21", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "@nortexte": "JUSX1322682L", "@numtexte": "2014-896", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2014-08-15" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038262660", "@num": "80", "#text": "LOI n°2019-222 du 23 mars 2019 - art. 80", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000038261631", "@nortexte": "JUST1806695L", "@numtexte": "2019-222", "@typelien": "ABROGE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2019-03-23" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370700", "@num": "723-15", "#text": "Code de procédure pénale - art. 723-15 (VD)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006071154", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000021333112", "@num": "747-2", "#text": "Code de procédure pénale - art. 747-2 (VT)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006071154", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000022968201", "@num": "D545", "#text": "Code de procédure pénale - art. D545 (T)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006071154", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417288", "@num": "131-25", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 131-25", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417231", "@num": "131-5", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 131-5", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417462", "@num": "132-54", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-54", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417464", "@num": "132-55", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-55", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" } ] }, "CONTEXTE": { "TEXTE": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006181748", "@fin": "2020-03-24", "#text": "Sous-section 5 : Du sursis assorti de l'obligation d'accomplir un travail d'intérêt général", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006165267", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Section 2 : Des modes de personnalisation des peines", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006149820", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Chapitre II : Du régime des peines", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006136038", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Titre III : Des peines", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006117596", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Livre Ier : Dispositions générales", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006089684", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Partie législative", "@debut": "1990-09-01" } ] }, "@cid": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@nature": "CODE", "TITRE_TXT": [ { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Code pénal", "@debut": "1990-09-01", "@id_txt": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@c_titre_court": "Code pénal" } ], "@date_publi": "2999-01-01", "@date_signature": "2999-01-01" } }, "VERSIONS": { "VERSION": [ { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417468", "@fin": "1994-03-01", "@num": "132-57", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "1992-07-23", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417469", "@fin": "1995-02-09", "@num": "132-57", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "1994-03-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417470", "@fin": "2005-01-01", "@num": "132-57", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "1995-02-09", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417471", "@fin": "2009-11-26", "@num": "132-57", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2005-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000021330952", "@fin": "2014-10-01", "@num": "132-57", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2009-11-26", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "ABROGE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370770", "@fin": "2020-03-24", "@num": "132-57", "@etat": "ABROGE", "@debut": "2014-10-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } } ] }, "BLOC_TEXTUEL": { "CONTENU": "

Lorsqu'une condamnation pour un délit de droit commun comportant une peine d'emprisonnement ferme de six mois au plus a été prononcée, le juge de l'application des peines peut, lorsque cette condamnation n'est plus susceptible de faire l'objet d'une voie de recours par le condamné, ordonner qu'il sera sursis à l'exécution de cette peine et que le condamné accomplira, pour une durée de vingt à deux cent quatre-vingts heures, un travail d'intérêt général non rémunéré au profit soit d'une personne morale de droit public, soit d'une personne morale de droit privé chargée d'une mission de service public ou d'une association habilitées à mettre en œuvre des travaux d'intérêt général. L'exécution de l'obligation d'accomplir un travail d'intérêt général est soumise aux prescriptions du troisième alinéa de l'article 132-54 et des articles 132-55 et 132-56. Le juge de l'application des peines peut également décider que le condamné effectuera une peine de jours-amende, conformément aux dispositions des articles 131-5 et 131-25.

Le présent article est applicable aux peines d'emprisonnement ayant fait l'objet d'un sursis partiel, assorti ou non d'une mise à l'épreuve, lorsque la partie ferme de la peine est inférieure ou égale à six mois. Dans ce cas, la partie de la peine avec sursis demeure applicable.

Le présent article est également applicable aux peines d'emprisonnement inférieures ou égales à six mois résultant de la révocation d'un sursis, assorti ou non d'une mise à l'épreuve.

En cas d'exécution partielle d'un travail d'intérêt général, le juge de l'application des peines peut ordonner la conversion de la partie non exécutée en jours-amende.

\n
" } }, "LEGIARTI000029370777": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "132-54", "ETAT": "MODIFIE", "TYPE": "AUTONOME", "DATE_FIN": "2016-06-05", "DATE_DEBUT": "2014-10-01" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000029370777", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/29/37/07/LEGIARTI000029370777.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038313100", "@num": "20-5", "#text": "Ordonnance n° 45-174 du 2 février 1945 - art. 20-5 (VT)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000517521", "@numtexte": "45-174", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "ORDONNANCE", "@datesignatexte": "1945-02-02" }, { "@id": "LEGITEXT000019956540", "#text": "Arrêté du 12 décembre 2008 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000019944457", "@nortexte": "BCFS0826250A", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "ARRETE", "@datesignatexte": "2008-12-12" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "@num": "21", "#text": "LOI n°2014-896 du 15 août 2014 - art. 21", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "@nortexte": "JUSX1322682L", "@numtexte": "2014-896", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2014-08-15" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417280", "@num": "131-22", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 131-22", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417431", "@num": "132-40", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-40", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417442", "@num": "132-45", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-45", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417464", "@num": "132-55", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-55", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370770", "@num": "132-57", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 132-57 (VT)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" } ] }, "CONTEXTE": { "TEXTE": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006181748", "@fin": "2020-03-24", "#text": "Sous-section 5 : Du sursis assorti de l'obligation d'accomplir un travail d'intérêt général", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006165267", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Section 2 : Des modes de personnalisation des peines", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006149820", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Chapitre II : Du régime des peines", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006136038", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Titre III : Des peines", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006117596", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Livre Ier : Dispositions générales", "@debut": "1992-07-23" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006089684", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Partie législative", "@debut": "1990-09-01" } ] }, "@cid": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@nature": "CODE", "TITRE_TXT": [ { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Code pénal", "@debut": "1990-09-01", "@id_txt": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@c_titre_court": "Code pénal" } ], "@date_publi": "2999-01-01", "@date_signature": "2999-01-01" } }, "VERSIONS": { "VERSION": [ { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417462", "@fin": "2005-01-01", "@num": "132-54", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "1994-03-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417463", "@fin": "2009-11-26", "@num": "132-54", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2005-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000021330961", "@fin": "2014-10-01", "@num": "132-54", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2009-11-26", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029370777", "@fin": "2016-06-05", "@num": "132-54", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2014-10-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "ABROGE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000032656278", "@fin": "2020-03-24", "@num": "132-54", "@etat": "ABROGE", "@debut": "2016-06-05", "@origine": "LEGI" } } ] }, "BLOC_TEXTUEL": { "CONTENU": "

La juridiction peut, dans les conditions et selon les modalités prévues aux articles 132-40 et 132-41, prévoir que le condamné accomplira, pour une durée de vingt à deux cent quatre-vingts heures, un travail d'intérêt général non rémunéré au profit soit d'une personne morale de droit public, soit d'une personne morale de droit privé chargée d'une mission de service public ou d'une association habilitées à mettre en œuvre des travaux d'intérêt général.

La juridiction peut en outre soumettre le condamné à tout ou partie des obligations prévues à l'article 132-45 pour une durée qui ne peut excéder dix-huit mois. L'exécution du travail d'intérêt général avant la fin de ce délai ne met pas fin à ces obligations.

Le sursis assorti de l'obligation d'accomplir un travail d'intérêt général ne peut être ordonné lorsque le prévenu le refuse ou n'est pas présent à l'audience.

Les modalités d'application de l'obligation d'accomplir un travail d'intérêt général sont régies par les dispositions des articles 131-22 à 131-24. Dès l'accomplissement de la totalité du travail d'intérêt général, la condamnation est considérée comme non avenue sauf s'il a été fait application des dispositions prévues au dernier alinéa de l'article 132-55.\n

" } }, "LEGIARTI000029370784": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "131-8", "ETAT": "MODIFIE", "TYPE": "AUTONOME", "DATE_FIN": "2016-06-05", "DATE_DEBUT": "2014-10-01" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000029370784", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/29/37/07/LEGIARTI000029370784.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038313100", "@num": "20-5", "#text": "Ordonnance n° 45-174 du 2 février 1945 - art. 20-5 (VT)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000517521", "@numtexte": "45-174", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "ORDONNANCE", "@datesignatexte": "1945-02-02" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006492648", "@num": "8", "#text": "Loi n°95-884 du 3 août 1995 - art. 8 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000371690", "@nortexte": "JUSX9500089L", "@numtexte": "95-884", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "1995-08-03" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006493617", "@num": "6", "#text": "Loi n°2002-1062 du 6 août 2002 - art. 6 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000779239", "@nortexte": "JUSX0200109L", "@numtexte": "2002-1062", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2002-08-06" }, { "@id": "LEGITEXT000019956540", "#text": "Arrêté du 12 décembre 2008 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000019944457", "@nortexte": "BCFS0826250A", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "ARRETE", "@datesignatexte": "2008-12-12" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "@num": "21", "#text": "LOI n°2014-896 du 15 août 2014 - art. 21", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "@nortexte": "JUSX1322682L", "@numtexte": "2014-896", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2014-08-15" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000034733085", "@num": "2", "#text": "Décret n°2017-1018 du 10 mai 2017 - art. 2", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000034678096", "@nortexte": "JUSD1713736D", "@numtexte": "2017-1018", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "DECRET", "@datesignatexte": "2017-05-10" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000048442286", "@num": "L122-1", "#text": "Code de la justice pénale des mineurs - art. 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Lorsqu'un délit est puni d'une peine d'emprisonnement, la juridiction peut prescrire, à la place de l'emprisonnement, que le condamné accomplira, pour une durée de vingt à deux cent quatre-vingts heures, un travail d'intérêt général non rémunéré au profit soit d'une personne morale de droit public, soit d'une personne morale de droit privé chargée d'une mission de service public ou d'une association habilitées à mettre en oeuvre des travaux d'intérêt général.

La peine de travail d'intérêt général ne peut être prononcée contre le prévenu qui la refuse ou qui n'est pas présent à l'audience. Le président du tribunal, avant le prononcé du jugement, informe le prévenu de son droit de refuser l'accomplissement d'un travail d'intérêt général et reçoit sa réponse.

" } } }, "article_lien": [ { "article_id": "LEGIARTI000029370777", "cible": true, "cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "typelien": "MODIFIE" }, { "article_id": "LEGIARTI000029370770", "cible": true, "cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "typelien": "MODIFIE" }, { "article_id": "LEGIARTI000029370784", "cible": true, "cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000029362502", "id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "typelien": "MODIFIE" } ], "follow": [ "LIENS.LIEN[@sens=cible,@typelien=CREATION].@id" ], "id": "LEGIARTI000029363479", "liens_entrants": true }

Article 21 ENTIEREMENT_MODIF (LOI n° 2014-896 du 15 août 2014 relative à l'individualisation des peines et renforçant l'efficacité des sanctions pénales (1))