{ "article": { "LEGIARTI000019285139": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "98", "ETAT": "VIGUEUR", "TYPE": "PARTIELLEMENT_MODIF", "DATE_FIN": "2999-01-01", "DATE_DEBUT": "2008-08-06" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000019285139", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/19/28/51/LEGIARTI000019285139.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019294789", "@num": "L310-3", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L310-3 (VD)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019294779", "@num": "L310-5", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L310-5 (VD)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019294784", "@num": "L442-4", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L442-4 (VD)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" } ] }, "CONTEXTE": { "TEXTE": { "TM": { "TM": { "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000019284906", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "CHAPITRE IV : DEVELOPPER LE COMMERCE", "@debut": "2008-08-06" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000019284917", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "TITRE II : MOBILISER LA CONCURRENCE COMME NOUVEAU LEVIER DE CROISSANCE", "@debut": "2008-08-06" } ] }, "@cid": "JORFTEXT000019283050", "@nor": "ECEX0808477L", "@num": "2008-776", "@nature": "LOI", "TITRE_TXT": [ { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "LOI n° 2008-776 du 4 août 2008 de modernisation de l'économie (1)", "@debut": "2999-01-01", "@id_txt": "JORFTEXT000019283050", "@c_titre_court": "LOI n° 2008-776 du 4 août 2008" }, { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "LOI n° 2008-776 du 4 août 2008 de modernisation de l'économie (1)", "@debut": "2008-08-06", "@id_txt": "LEGITEXT000019284897", "@c_titre_court": "LOI n° 2008-776 du 4 août 2008" } ], "@date_publi": "2008-08-05", "@date_signature": "2008-08-04" } }, "VERSIONS": { "VERSION": [ { "@etat": "VIGUEUR", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019285139", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "@num": "98", "@etat": "VIGUEUR", "@debut": "2008-08-06", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "JORFARTI000019283843", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "@num": "98", "@debut": "2999-01-01", "@origine": "JORF" } } ] }, "BLOC_TEXTUEL": { "CONTENU": "

\n
I. à III. - A modifié les dispositions suivantes :

- Code de commerce.
\nArt. L310-5, Art. L310-3, Art. L442-4\n
\n

IV. - Le présent article est applicable à compter du 1er janvier 2009.
\n
" } }, "LEGIARTI000019294779": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "L310-5", "ETAT": "MODIFIE", "TYPE": "AUTONOME", "DATE_FIN": "2009-05-14", "DATE_DEBUT": "2009-01-01" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000019294779", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/19/29/47/LEGIARTI000019294779.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "JORFTEXT000000193678", "#text": "Loi 96-603 1996-07-05 art. 31 I", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000193678", "@nortexte": "COMX9600031L", "@numtexte": "96-603", "@typelien": "CONCORDANCE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "1996-07-05" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006513539", "@num": "31", "#text": "Loi n°96-603 du 5 juillet 1996 - art. 31 (Ab)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000193678", "@nortexte": "COMX9600031L", "@numtexte": "96-603", "@typelien": "CONCORDE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "1996-07-05" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019285139", "@num": "98", "#text": "LOI n°2008-776\n du 4 août 2008 - art. 98 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000019283050", "@nortexte": "ECEX0808477L", "@numtexte": "2008-776", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2008-08-04" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000020122734", "@num": "Annexe", "#text": "Arrêté du 9 janvier 2009 - art. Annexe (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000020103463", "@nortexte": "ECEA0829500A", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "ARRETE", "@datesignatexte": "2009-01-09" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006231279", "@num": "L310-1", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L310-1", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006240325", "@num": "L740-2", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L740-2", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006244030", "@num": "L933-4", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L933-4 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006244699", "@num": "L943-4", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L943-4 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006245402", "@num": "L953-1", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L953-1 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000020164610", "@num": "Annexe 3-2", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. Annexe 3-2 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000020631996", "@num": "L310-6", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L310-6 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006417308", "@num": "131-35", "#text": "Code pénal - art. 131-35", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000006070719", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" } ] }, "CONTEXTE": { "TEXTE": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006133180", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "TITRE Ier : Des liquidations, des ventes au déballage, des soldes et des ventes en magasins d'usine.", "@debut": "2000-09-21" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006113740", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "LIVRE III : De certaines formes de ventes et des clauses d'exclusivité.", "@debut": "2000-09-21" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006083281", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Partie législative", "@debut": "2000-09-21" } ] }, "@cid": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@nature": "CODE", "TITRE_TXT": [ { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Code de commerce", "@debut": "2000-09-21", "@id_txt": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@c_titre_court": "Code de commerce" } ], "@date_publi": "2999-01-01", "@date_signature": "2999-01-01" } }, "VERSIONS": { "VERSION": [ { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006231308", "@fin": "2002-01-01", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2000-09-21", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006231309", "@fin": "2004-03-27", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2002-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006231310", "@fin": "2008-08-06", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2004-03-27", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019289982", "@fin": "2009-01-01", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2008-08-06", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019294779", "@fin": "2009-05-14", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2009-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000020627630", "@fin": "2023-01-26", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2009-05-14", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "VIGUEUR", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000047053488", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "@num": "L310-5", "@etat": "VIGUEUR", "@debut": "2023-01-26", "@origine": "LEGI" } } ] }, "BLOC_TEXTUEL": { "CONTENU": "

Est puni d'une amende de 15 000 euros :

\n
\n

1° Le fait de procéder à une liquidation sans la déclaration préalable mentionnée à l'article L. 310-1 ou en méconnaissance des conditions prévues à cet article ;

2° Le fait de procéder à une vente au déballage sans la déclaration prévue par l'article L. 310-2 ou en méconnaissance de cette déclaration ;

3° Le fait de réaliser des soldes portant sur des marchandises détenues depuis moins d'un mois à la date de début de la période de soldes considérée ;

\n
\n

4° Le fait d'utiliser le mot : solde (s) ou ses dérivés dans les cas où cette utilisation ne se rapporte pas à une opération de soldes définie au I de l'article L. 310-3 ;

\n
\n

5° Le fait d'utiliser la dénomination magasin d'usine ou dépôt d'usine en méconnaissance des dispositions de l'article L. 310-4 ;

\n
\n

6° Le fait d'organiser une manifestation commerciale sans la déclaration prévue à l'article L. 740-2 ou de ne pas respecter les conditions de réalisation de la manifestation déclarée.

\n
\n

Les personnes physiques encourent également la peine complémentaire d'affichage ou de diffusion de la décision prononcée, dans les conditions prévues par l'article 131-35 du code pénal.

\n
" } }, "LEGIARTI000019294784": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "L442-4", "ETAT": "MODIFIE", "TYPE": "AUTONOME", "DATE_FIN": "2019-04-26", "DATE_DEBUT": "2009-01-01" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000019294784", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/19/29/47/LEGIARTI000019294784.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "LIENS": { "LIEN": [ { "@id": "JORFTEXT000000333548", "#text": "Ordonnance 86-1243 1986-12-01 art. 32 II et III", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000333548", "@numtexte": "86-1243", "@typelien": "CONCORDANCE", "@naturetexte": "ORDONNANCE", "@datesignatexte": "1986-12-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006527729", "@num": "32", "#text": "Ordonnance n°86-1243 du 1 décembre 1986 - art. 32 (Ab)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000000333548", "@numtexte": "86-1243", "@typelien": "CONCORDE", "@naturetexte": "ORDONNANCE", "@datesignatexte": "1986-12-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019285139", "@num": "98", "#text": "LOI n°2008-776\n du 4 août 2008 - art. 98 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000019283050", "@nortexte": "ECEX0808477L", "@numtexte": "2008-776", "@typelien": "MODIFIE", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2008-08-04" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038725906", "@num": "24", "#text": "LOI n°2012-1270\n du 20 novembre 2012 - art. 24 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "JORFTEXT000026657458", "@nortexte": "OMEX1230288L", "@numtexte": "2012-1270", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "LOI", "@datesignatexte": "2012-11-20" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038655051", "@num": "Annexe 4-2-1", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. Annexe 4-2-1 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000041640669", "@num": "Annexe 4-2-2", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. Annexe 4-2-2 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000041640164", "@num": "Annexe 9-6", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. Annexe 9-6 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000041640382", "@num": "Annexe 9-7", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. Annexe 9-7 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000043197489", "@num": "D442-3", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. D442-3 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000043198000", "@num": "D914-2", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. D914-2 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000043197574", "@num": "D924-2", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. D924-2 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038725515", "@num": "L321-11", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L321-11 (M)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038415138", "@num": "L442-7", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. L442-7 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000043197513", "@num": "R442-4", "#text": "Code de commerce - art. R442-4 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006231290", "@num": "L310-3", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L310-3 (VT)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006232278", "@num": "L442-2", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L442-2 (V)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006232884", "@num": "L470-3", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L470-3 (V)", "@sens": "cible", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006239269", "@num": "L653-5", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L653-5 (V)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" }, { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006239362", "@num": "L654-2", "#text": "Code de commerce. - art. L654-2 (V)", "@sens": "source", "@cidtexte": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@typelien": "CITATION", "@naturetexte": "CODE", "@datesignatexte": "2999-01-01" } ] }, "CONTEXTE": { "TEXTE": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TM": { "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006146076", "@fin": "2019-04-26", "#text": "Chapitre II : Des pratiques restrictives de concurrence.", "@debut": "2000-09-21" }, { "@id": "LEGISCTA000038414289", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Chapitre II : Des pratiques commerciales déloyales entre entreprises", "@debut": "2019-04-26" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006133186", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "TITRE IV : De la transparence, des pratiques restrictives de concurrence et d'autres pratiques prohibées.", "@debut": "2000-09-21" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006113741", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "LIVRE IV : De la liberté des prix et de la concurrence.", "@debut": "2000-09-21" } ] }, "TITRE_TM": [ { "@id": "LEGISCTA000006083281", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Partie législative", "@debut": "2000-09-21" } ] }, "@cid": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@nature": "CODE", "TITRE_TXT": [ { "@fin": "2999-01-01", "#text": "Code de commerce", "@debut": "2000-09-21", "@id_txt": "LEGITEXT000005634379", "@c_titre_court": "Code de commerce" } ], "@date_publi": "2999-01-01", "@date_signature": "2999-01-01" } }, "VERSIONS": { "VERSION": [ { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006232305", "@fin": "2006-01-01", "@num": "L442-4", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2000-09-21", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000006232306", "@fin": "2009-01-01", "@num": "L442-4", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2006-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "MODIFIE", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000019294784", "@fin": "2019-04-26", "@num": "L442-4", "@etat": "MODIFIE", "@debut": "2009-01-01", "@origine": "LEGI" } }, { "@etat": "VIGUEUR", "LIEN_ART": { "@id": "LEGIARTI000038414263", "@fin": "2999-01-01", "@num": "L442-4", "@etat": "VIGUEUR", "@debut": "2019-04-26", "@origine": "LEGI" } } ] }, "BLOC_TEXTUEL": { "CONTENU": "

I.-Les dispositions de l'article L. 442-2 ne sont pas applicables :

1° Aux ventes volontaires ou forcées motivées par la cessation ou le changement d'une activité commerciale :

2° Aux produits dont la vente présente un caractère saisonnier marqué, pendant la période terminale de la saison des ventes et dans l'intervalle compris entre deux saisons de vente ;

3° Aux produits qui ne répondent plus à la demande générale en raison de l'évolution de la mode ou de l'apparition de perfectionnements techniques ;

4° Aux produits, aux caractéristiques identiques, dont le réapprovisionnement s'est effectué en baisse, le prix effectif d'achat étant alors remplacé par le prix résultant de la nouvelle facture d'achat ;

5° Aux produits alimentaires commercialisés dans un magasin d'une surface de vente de moins de 300 mètres carrés et aux produits non alimentaires commercialisés dans un magasin d'une surface de vente de moins de 1 000 mètres carrés, dont le prix de revente est aligné sur le prix légalement pratiqué pour les mêmes produits par un autre commerçant dans la même zone d'activité ;

6° A condition que l'offre de prix réduit ne fasse l'objet d'une quelconque publicité ou annonce à l'extérieur du point de vente, aux produits périssables à partir du moment où ils sont menacés d'altération rapide ;

7° Aux produits soldés mentionnés à l'article L. 310-3. \n

II.-Les exceptions prévues au I ne font pas obstacle à l'application du 2° de l'article L. 653-5 et du 1 de l'article L. 654-2.\n

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I. - Sont considérées comme soldes les ventes qui, d'une part, sont accompagnées ou précédées de publicité et sont annoncées comme tendant, par une réduction de prix, à l'écoulement accéléré de marchandises en stock et qui, d'autre part, ont lieu durant les périodes définies, pour l'année civile, comme suit :

1° Deux périodes d'une durée de cinq semaines chacune, dont les dates et heures de début sont fixées par décret ; ce décret peut prévoir, pour ces deux périodes, des dates différentes dans les départements qu'il fixe pour tenir compte d'une forte saisonnalité des ventes, ou d'opérations commerciales menées dans des régions frontalières ;

2° Une période d'une durée maximale de deux semaines ou deux périodes d'une durée maximale d'une semaine, dont les dates sont librement choisies par le commerçant ; ces périodes complémentaires s'achèvent toutefois au plus tard un mois avant le début des périodes visées au 1° ; elles sont soumises à déclaration préalable auprès de l'autorité administrative compétente du département du lieu des soldes ou du département du siège de l'entreprise pour les entreprises de vente à distance.
\n
Les produits annoncés comme soldés doivent avoir été proposés à la vente et payés depuis au moins un mois à la date de début de la période de soldes considérée.

II. - Dans toute publicité, enseigne, dénomination sociale ou nom commercial, l'emploi du mot : solde(s) ou de ses dérivés est interdit pour désigner toute activité, dénomination sociale ou nom commercial, enseigne ou qualité qui ne se rapporte pas à une opération de soldes telle que définie au I ci-dessus.

\n
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Article 98 PARTIELLEMENT_MODIF VIGUEUR, en vigueur depuis le 06/08/2008 (LOI n° 2008-776 du 4 août 2008 de modernisation de l'économie (1))