{ "article": { "LEGIARTI000028312062": { "META": { "META_SPEC": { "META_ARTICLE": { "NUM": "131-21", "ETAT": "MODIFIE", "TYPE": "AUTONOME", "DATE_FIN": "2021-12-31", "DATE_DEBUT": "2013-12-08" } }, "META_COMMUN": { "ID": "LEGIARTI000028312062", "URL": "article/LEGI/ARTI/00/00/28/31/20/LEGIARTI000028312062.xml", "NATURE": "Article", "ORIGINE": "LEGI" } }, "NOTA": { "CONTENU": "
\n

Par une décision n° 2021-932 QPC du 23 septembre 2021, le Conseil constitutionnel a déclaré contraires à la Constitution le troisième alinéa et les mots ou, sous réserve des droits du propriétaire de bonne foi, dont il a la libre disposition figurant au neuvième alinéa de l'article 131-21 du code pénal, dans sa rédaction résultant de la loi n° 2013-1117 du 6 décembre 2013 relative à la lutte contre la fraude fiscale et la grande délinquance économique et financière. L’abrogation de ces dispositions est toutefois reportée au 31 mars 2022. Les mesures prises avant cette date en application des dispositions déclarées contraires à la Constitution ne peuvent être contestées sur le fondement de cette inconstitutionnalité.

Par une décision n° 2021-949/950 QPC du 24 novembre 2021, le Conseil constitutionnel a déclaré contraires à la Constitution les deuxième, quatrième, cinquième, sixième, huitième alinéas et le reste du neuvième alinéa de l'article 131-21 du code pénal, dans sa rédaction résultant de la loi n° 2013-1117 du 6 décembre 2013 relative à la lutte contre la fraude fiscale et la grande délinquance économique et financière. L’abrogation de ces dispositions est toutefois reportée au 31 décembre 2022. Les mesures prises avant cette date en application des dispositions déclarées contraires à la Constitution ne peuvent être contestées sur le fondement de cette inconstitutionnalité.

\n
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La peine complémentaire de confiscation est encourue dans les cas prévus par la loi ou le règlement. Elle est également encourue de plein droit pour les crimes et pour les délits punis d'une peine d'emprisonnement d'une durée supérieure à un an, à l'exception des délits de presse.

La confiscation porte sur tous les biens meubles ou immeubles, quelle qu'en soit la nature, divis ou indivis, ayant servi à commettre l'infraction ou qui étaient destinés à la commettre, et dont le condamné est propriétaire ou, sous réserve des droits du propriétaire de bonne foi, dont il a la libre disposition.

Elle porte également sur tous les biens qui sont l'objet ou le produit direct ou indirect de l'infraction, à l'exception des biens susceptibles de restitution à la victime. Si le produit de l'infraction a été mêlé à des fonds d'origine licite pour l'acquisition d'un ou plusieurs biens, la confiscation peut ne porter sur ces biens qu'à concurrence de la valeur estimée de ce produit.

La confiscation peut en outre porter sur tout bien meuble ou immeuble défini par la loi ou le règlement qui réprime l'infraction.

S'il s'agit d'un crime ou d'un délit puni d'au moins cinq ans d'emprisonnement et ayant procuré un profit direct ou indirect, la confiscation porte également sur les biens meubles ou immeubles, quelle qu'en soit la nature, divis ou indivis, appartenant au condamné ou, sous réserve des droits du propriétaire de bonne foi, dont il a la libre disposition, lorsque ni le condamné, ni le propriétaire, mis en mesure de s'expliquer sur les biens dont la confiscation est envisagée, n'ont pu en justifier l'origine.

Lorsque la loi qui réprime le crime ou le délit le prévoit, la confiscation peut aussi porter sur tout ou partie des biens appartenant au condamné ou, sous réserve des droits du propriétaire de bonne foi, dont il a la libre disposition, quelle qu'en soit la nature, meubles ou immeubles, divis ou indivis.

La confiscation est obligatoire pour les objets qualifiés de dangereux ou nuisibles par la loi ou le règlement, ou dont la détention est illicite, que ces biens soient ou non la propriété du condamné.

La peine complémentaire de confiscation s'applique dans les mêmes conditions à tous les droits incorporels, quelle qu'en soit la nature, divis ou indivis.

La confiscation peut être ordonnée en valeur. La confiscation en valeur peut être exécutée sur tous biens, quelle qu'en soit la nature, appartenant au condamné ou, sous réserve des droits du propriétaire de bonne foi, dont il a la libre disposition. Pour le recouvrement de la somme représentative de la valeur de la chose confisquée, les dispositions relatives à la contrainte judiciaire sont applicables.

La chose confisquée est, sauf disposition particulière prévoyant sa destruction ou son attribution, dévolue à l'Etat, mais elle demeure grevée, à concurrence de sa valeur, des droits réels licitement constitués au profit de tiers.

Lorsque la chose confisquée est un véhicule qui n'a pas été saisi ou mis en fourrière au cours de la procédure, le condamné doit, sur l'injonction qui lui en est faite par le ministère public, remettre ce véhicule au service ou à l'organisme chargé de sa destruction ou de son aliénation.

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